Tencent AVS: A Holistic Ads Video Dataset for Multi-modal Scene Segmentation

Temporal video segmentation and classification have been advanced greatly by public benchmarks in recent years. However, such research still mainly focuses on human actions, failing to describe videos in a holistic view. In addition, previous research tends to pay much attention to visual information yet ignores the multi-modal nature of videos. To fill this gap, we construct the Tencent `Ads Video Segmentation'~(TAVS) dataset in the ads domain to escalate multi-modal video analysis to a new level. TAVS describes videos from three independent perspectives as `presentation form', `place', and `style', and contains rich multi-modal information such as video, audio, and text. TAVS is organized hierarchically in semantic aspects for comprehensive temporal video segmentation with three levels of categories for multi-label classification, e.g., `place' - `working place' - `office'. Therefore, TAVS is distinguished from previous temporal segmentation datasets due to its multi-modal information, holistic view of categories, and hierarchical granularities. It includes 12,000 videos, 82 classes, 33,900 segments, 121,100 shots, and 168,500 labels. Accompanied with TAVS, we also present a strong multi-modal video segmentation baseline coupled with multi-label class prediction. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate our proposed method as well as existing representative methods to reveal key challenges of our dataset TAVS

Tencent AVS: A Holistic Ads Video Dataset for Multi-Modal Scene Segmentation

Temporal video segmentation and classification have been advanced greatly by public benchmarks in recent years. However, such research still mainly focuses on human actions, failing to describe videos in a holistic view. In addition, previous research tends to pay much attention to visual information yet ignores the multi-modal nature of videos. To fill this gap, we construct the Tencent ‘Ads Video Segmentation’ (TAVS) dataset in the ads domain to escalate multi-modal video analysis to a new level. TAVS describes videos from three independent perspectives as ‘presentation form’, ‘place’, and ‘style’, and contains rich multi-modal information such as video, audio, and text. TAVS is organized hierarchically in semantic aspects for comprehensive temporal video segmentation with three levels of categories for multi-label classification, e.g., ‘place’ - ‘working place’ - ‘office’. Therefore, TAVS is distinguished from previous temporal segmentation datasets due to its multi-modal information, holistic view of categories, and hierarchical granularities. It includes 12,000 videos, 82 classes, 33,900 segments, 121,100 shots, and 168,500 labels. Accompanied with TAVS, we also present a strong multi-modal video segmentation baseline coupled with multi-label class prediction. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate our proposed method as well as existing representative methods to reveal key challenges of our dataset TAVS

Gemcitabine Eliminates Double Minute Chromosomes from Human Ovarian Cancer Cells

<div><p>Double minute chromosomes are cytogenetic manifestations of gene amplification frequently seen in cancer cells. Genes amplified on double minute chromosomes include oncogenes and multi-drug resistant genes. These genes encode proteins which contribute to cancer formation, cancer progression, and development of resistance to drugs used in cancer treatment. Elimination of double minute chromosomes, and therefore genes amplified on them, is an effective way to decrease the malignancy of cancer cells. We investigated the effectiveness of a cancer drug, gemcitabine, on the loss of double minute chromosomes from the ovarian cancer cell line UACC-1598. Gemcitabine is able to decrease the number of double minute chromosomes in cells at a 7500X lower concentration than the commonly used cancer drug hydroxyurea. Amplified genes present on the double minute chromosomes are decreased at the DNA level upon gemcitabine treatment. Gemcitabine, even at a low nanomolar concentration, is able to cause DNA damage. The selective incorporation of double minutes chromatin and γ-H2AX signals into micronuclei provides a strong link between DNA damage and the loss of double minute chromosomes from gemcitabine treated cells. Cells treated with gemcitabine also showed decreased cell growth, colony formation, and invasion. Together, our results suggest that gemcitabine is effective in decreasing double minute chromosomes and this affects the biology of ovarian cancer cells.</p></div

Entrapment of <i>EIF5A2, MYCN</i> and <i>MCL1</i> in MN in UACC-1598 ovarian cancer cell line by growth in HU and GEM.

<p>The left two panels are representative pictures of cells showing MN without signal and the right two panels are representative pictures of cells showing MN with <i>EIF5A2</i>/<i>MYCN</i> or <i>MCL1</i>/<i>MYCN</i> signal. <i>MYCN</i> signal is shown in green, <i>EIF5A2</i> and <i>MCL1</i> are shown in red, and the overlap is shown in yellow. Arrows indicate MN.</p

Treatment with HU or GEM decreases the malignancy of UACC-1598 ovarian cancer cells.

<p>A. The growth of UACC-1598 cells is decreased when grown in the presence of HU or GEM. The OD value of cells were measured every day for 6 days and plotted as mean ± SD. **denotes a <i>P</i> value of 0.001 to 0.01 from day 4 onwards when compared to the control group. B. Colony formation of UACC-1598 cells is decreased when grown in the presence of HU or GEM. The average numbers of colonies ± SD decreased from 365±24 colonies to 182±30 for HU treated cells and 168±25 for GEM treated cells. ***denotes a <i>P</i> value of <0.001 when compared to the control group. C. One representative trial of cell invasion is plotted for Ctrl., HU treated, and GEM treated cells. The invasion percentage of cells decreased from 0.58% for control group to 0.20% for HU treated cells and 0.35% for GEM treated cells. ***denotes a <i>P</i> value of <0.001 when compared to the control group.</p

HU and GEM treatment decreases the number of DMs in UACC-1598.

<p>A. Representative pictures of metaphase spread of UACC-1598 and UACC-1598-4 cells. Arrows indicate DMs. The number of DMs in each metaphase cell was counted and plotted. ***indicates <i>P</i><0.001. B. Metaphase spreads were prepared for cells grown in the presence of low concentrations of either HU or GEM for 1 week or 2 weeks. The number of DMs in each metaphase cell was counted. The red lines represent the mean and the black lines represent the SEM. *denotes a <i>P</i> value of 0.01 to 0.05 and **denotes a <i>P</i> value of 0.001 to 0.01.</p

The signal of <i>EIF5A2</i>, <i>MYCN,</i> and <i>MCL1</i> genes is decreased in HU and GEM treated UACC-1598.

<p>A. Genes <i>EIF5A2</i>, <i>MYCN</i>, and <i>MCL1</i> are present on DMs in UACC-1598 cells. Metaphase spread of UACC-1598 cells detected with DNA probe for <i>EIF5A2</i>, <i>MYCN</i>, and <i>MCL1.</i> For the overlapped pictures, <i>EIF5A2</i> and <i>MCL1</i> signals are shown in red, and <i>MYCN</i> signal is shown in green. Overlapped <i>EIF5A2</i>/<i>MYCN</i> and <i>MCL1</i>/<i>MYCN</i> are shown in yellow. B. Representative pictures of <i>EIF5A2</i>/<i>MYCN</i> and <i>MCL1</i>/<i>MYCN</i> FISH signals in interphase cells of UACC-1598 and how individual cells are separated into different groups. <i>MYCN</i> signal is shown in green, <i>EIF5A2</i> and <i>MCL1</i> shown in red, and the overlap is shown in yellow. The percentage of cells in Groups 1, 2, and 3 is based on <i>EIF5A2</i>/<i>MYCN</i> and <i>MCL1</i>/<i>MYCN</i> FISH signals. The statistical analysis showed the differences of cells in Group 1 and Group 2/3 compared to the control cells. *denotes a <i>P</i> value of 0.01 to 0.05 and **denotes a <i>P</i> value of 0.001 to 0.01.</p

The amplification of genes present on DMs is decreased in UACC-1598 cells grown in the presence of HU and GEM by real-time PCR analysis.

<p>The amplification level of genes <i>EIF5A2</i>, <i>MCL1</i>, and <i>MYCN</i> was analyzed by real-time PCR. The amplification level of each gene in compound treated cells is compared to control cells (DMSO for HU treated, and Ctrl. for GEM treated), and the mean relative amplification level ± SD is graphed. *denotes a <i>P</i> value of 0.01 to 0.05 and **denotes a <i>P</i> value of 0.001 to 0.01, ***denotes <i>P</i><0.001.</p

Classification of cells into different categories based on the presence of MN and γ-H2AX signal within MN.

<p>DAPI stained DNA is shown in blue, and γ-H2AX immunofluorescence signal is shown in red. The different groups: A, Cells without MN, B, Cells with MN, and C, Cells with MN (γ-H2AX+) are indicated.</p

Induction of MN and MN (γ<i>-</i>H2AX<i>+</i>) by HU and GEM (24 hours after release).

<p>MN (+) indicates cells with γ-H2AX immunofluorescence signals in the MN.</p>**<p>denotes a <i>P</i> value of 0.001 to 0.01.</p